Arc-light electrode.



I. LADOFF.

ARC LIGHT ELECTRODE.

APPLIOATION FILED JUNE 1, 1911.

Patented 0011.6, 1914.

.4 a 1 Z A Z d g UNITED STATES PATENT curios.

ISADOR LADOFF, OF CLEVELAND, OHIO, ASSIGNOR, BY MESNE ASSIGNMENTS, 01F

THIRTY ONE-HUNDREDTHS T WALTER D. EDMONDS,

Application filedJ'une 1, 1911. Serial No. 630,545.

0F BOONVILLE, NEW

Patented Uct. 8, 1914.

YORK.

ARC-LIGHT ELECTRODE.

1 12,453. Specification of Letters Patent.

To all 'whoznit may concern: I

Be it known that I, Isanon Lanorr, a citizen of the United States, and aresident oi Cleveland, in the county of Cuyahoga and 5 State of Ohio,have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Arc-LightElectrodes, of which the following is a spceifi aition.

My present invention relates to so-called l0 llaming arc electrodes ofthe type composed essentially of so-called mineralized carbon, thesebeing, loosely speaking, electrodes composed largely of carbon withwhich has been associated various mineral substances to increase candlepower efiiciency, etc, such association imparting to an extent to theresulting arc the said flaming and other characteristics incidental toelectrodes composed principally of metallic substances as distinguishedfrom carbon.

To these ends have been hitherto associated with the constituent carbonof the electrode various compounds of metallic character, for examplecalcium salts, particularly calcium fluorid, which, though incr asingintensity of light, has proved unsatisfactory owing to its reddishcolor, especially when the wattage drops-below a certain minimum as isunavoidable in commercial installations. To

overcome such defects resort has also been had, with more or lessindiiierent success, to additions to the calcium of other fluorids, c. rsodium fluorids, also borates, rare *arths, carbids of boron and oftitanium,

and even titanium oxid. Even tun state of calcium has been tried asasubstitute for the calcium liuorid or part of it, though this has thedisavantage of being reduced in the are to metallic tungsten whichrec-titles the current. But the flaming arcs from the types ofelectrodes mentioned have hitherto been characterized by undesirableflickering and changes in color.

The only titanium compound hitherto found serviceable for the purposementioned on alternating current lines has been, so far as I know,titanium carbid. but this substance, owing to its instability, hasproved also undesirable, breaking up in the are stream into carbon whichtoo quickly burns electrodesgiving flaming arcs may, Without impairingtheir operativeness in alternating currents, develop more eflicient,steady, and whiter arcs than heretofore. This object I attain by myimprovements as hereinafter described.

'My researches have demonstrated that the mineral additions heretoforemade to the carbon as heretofore noted cause the electrodes to behaveunsatisfactorily in the particulars mentioned largely because of inofbehavior and action as regards the physical, chemical, and light-givingproperties of the constituting ingredients. I have now discovered that asubstance hitherto, I believe, unutilized for the purpose, towit,calcium titanate, (,laTiO known as perofskite possesses such propertiesas, when properly associated with carbon in an arc electrode, to realizethe said objects of my present invention, also that the desired eil'ectsattributable. to said properties of calcium titan-ate are enhanced byassociation therewith and carbon, of halogen compounds of titanium,prc'l'erably, for example, sodium titanofluorid (Na 'lil l) or suchequivalent therefor as one of the following: titanium trifiuorid (TiFtitanium tetrafiuorid (TiF titanium tetraliuorid hydrated (TiF E 0),ammonium tetrafiuorid (TiF,,NH,), hydrogen 'titanofiuorid (ILTiFpotassium titanoiluorid (K,Til potassium titanofluorid hydrated (K.,Til,,,H,()), sodium titanofluorid (Na Til sodium titanotluorid withexcess of hydrofluoric acid (Na,Ti1*,,,Nal ,ll), ammonium titanofiuorid(NHJ TiF ammonium titanofluorid with excess of ammonium fiuorid (NHQ TiFNHJ titanium bromid (TiBr titanium iodid (Till), or also chlorids oftitanium, bromids oi titanium, iodids of titanium, or organic salts oftitanium such, for instance, as oxalate oi titanium.

The superior efliciency and other desired qualities of my electrodesare, I believe, attributable not only to their novel ingredients-asabove stated, but also to my manner of associating these with each otherand with carbon in the electrode whereby homo-' geneity is increased. Itherefore prefer to geneous, cohesive mixture of the said ingredients asfollowsi I have for example taken of calcium titanate- (CaTiO 36 parts,34 parts of titanofiuorid of an su'liieient homogeneity andharmoniousness 10b produce preliminarily an intimate, homoallralinemetal, towit, sodium titanofluorid '(Na lil i) and powdered theseingredients and mixed them thoroughly together with 30 parts of powderedcalcined carbon. To this mixture l have imparted the coherence of stiffpaste b adding thereto and mixing therewith a sultable binder in thisinstance tar. The resulting product was-then applied in the well knownmanner as coring material to fill the'bores of usual electrode skeletonscomposed of pure carbon and the so cored electrodes dried at 200 to 300C. to constitute one form of my said improved electrode. Even moreperfect homogeneity may be secured by fusing the aforesaid mixture ofcalcium titanate and other last mentioned compound of titanium, oraforesaid equivalents therefor, into a completely homogeneous mass.-Said mass is then pulverized in any convenient manner, the re sultantpowder thoroughly mixed with powdered carbon, coherence imparted bymixing with any suitable binder, the bores of the skeleton electrodefilled with the regulting product and the whole dried as beore.

It will be understood that my electrode may, though unpreferably, becomposed entirely of my mixture made as aforesaid of calcium titanate,carbon, and compound of titanium with the halogens or its equiva lent,mixed with a binder and sufficiently dried, or even fused together ortreated in any other well known way to impart thereto requisitemechanical strength, but in such case the proportion of carbon contentshould be increased so as to constitute a preponderance of carbon in theelectrode,

it being preferablein all cases that the aggregate percentage oftitanium compounds in the electrode should not exceed its totalpercentage of carbon including that in my mixture and in the carbonskeleton if latter I is, as is preferable, employed. The totalpercentage of carbon which it deem most satisfactory in results is from60 per cent. to 73 per cent. of the whole electrode.

Referring to the accompanying drawings, Flgure 1 is a view partly. inelevation and partly in central longitudinal section of one form Onelectrode; Fig. 2 a transverse section on line 22 of Fig. 1; Fig. 3 aview similar to 1 of another form of my electrode; Fig. i a transversesection on narrates 7 line 4-4 of 3; Figs. 5 and 6 similar views ofanother form of my electrode.

Similar reference characters indicate similar parts.

a indicates my aforesaid homogeneous mixture of calcium titanate, carbonand halogen compound or other organic salt of titanium.

6 indicates the shell of carbon, constituting the skeleton abovereferred to, which is, in this instance, of cylindrical type having itsbore cored with my said mixture a.

0 indicates another type of carbon skeleton multi-bored and multi-coredwith my said mixture.

What I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is tliefollowing, viz

1. An arc light electrode characterized as yielding a flaming arc, ascontaining a preponderance of carbon and as containing also calciumtitanate. 2.- An arc light electrode characterized as yielding a flamingarc, as containing a'preponderance of carbon and as containing alsocalcium titanate and an organic salt of titanium.

3. An are light electrode characterized as yielding a flaming arc,ascontaining a preponderance of carbon and as containing also calciumtitanate mixed with carbon and with an organic salt of titanium.

4:. An arc light electrode characterized as yielding a flaming arc, ascontaining a preponderance of carbon and as containing also calciumtitanate mixed with carbon and a halogen compound of titanium.

5525.11 are light electrode characterized as yielding a flaming arc, ascontaining a preponderance of carbon and as containing also calciumtitanate and titanofiuorid of an alkaline metal.

6. An arc light electrode characterized as yielding a flaming arc, ascontaining a preponderance of carbon and as containing also calciumtitanate mixed with carbon and with titanofluorid of an alkaline metal.

7. An are light electrode characterized as yielding a flaming are, ascontaining carbon and as containing also calcium titanate.

ISADOR LADQFF.

Witnesses:

M. C. BIXBY, dons It. @rzrnrr.

